Disc golf: What's 'stroke and distance' mean?

If you've watched USDGC, there's a chance you've heard the phrase "stroke and distance" used. What's it mean, though? And why does it matter?

Disc Golf Putting Rules- Discount Disc Golf

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How Far Is the Circle in Disc Golf? Throw Like a Pro - Maximum Target

Disc golf: How to not throw nose-up

Michael Johansen – The Scrambler - Disc Golf Pro Tour

What Is Stroke-And-Distance Relief?

Disc Golf Putting Rules - Disc Golf Puttheads

Disc Golf Rules Explained: Relief

Asked & Answered: Stroke and Distance - Central Links Golf

Stroke-and-Distance Relief, Ball Lost or Out of Bounds

Stroke-and-Distance Relief, Ball Lost or Out of Bounds

What Is A Disc Golf Upshot?